In order to optimize the transportation pipeline of heavy oil and provide baseline data for the study of energysaving technology, the experimental study on the viscosity-temperature characteristics and rheological properties of heavy oil in Huanxiling was carried out. The viscosity-temperature curve and the rheological characteristic curve were drawn, the viscosity-temperature equations and the rheological equations were fitted, and the viscosity-temperature index was calculated at each temperature interval. Through the viscosity-temperature curve and rheological characteristic curve fitting, the results showed that the correlation coefficient was close to 1 which indicated a higher degree of fitting and the small error. The rheological index was less than 1, which indicated that the heavy oil used in the experiment was pseudo plastic fluid. At the test temperature of 70 ℃,the heavy oil showed Newtonian behavior.